Extending through both reservoirs was a tube system consisting of a water lift and an air-line

ITNI was originally utilized to assess nitrogen deposition in agriculturally influenced ecosystems . Agricultural plants and cultivated crop species such as corn, rye, and wheat among others, have traditionally been utilized as ITNI study species. Additionally, the ecosystems under investigation were heavily influenced by applied nitrogen fertilizer. The latest investigation into ITNI, as of 2014, …

All of the metabolites proposed for A. thaliana cells were detected in the cucumber seedlings

N4- acetylsulfamethoxazole was detected in A. thaliana cells and confirmed using its authentic standard. The glucose and glutathione conjugates were detected by comparing the exact mass and fragmentation patterns to proposed spectra libraries for each compound . However, observed difference in the fragmentation patterns indicated that conjugation location differed from in those observed for human …

Plants also respond to P starvation by utilising alternative metabolic pathways

For P acquisition, the PHT gene family controlling P transport provides several candidate genes. In Arabidopsis, the PHTgenes that encode phosphate transporters responsible for transport of P anions are well characterised and are grouped into four families . PHT proteins other than PHT1 are involved in the uptake, distribution and remobilisation of P within the …

Solutions Farm’s current co-manager is a graduate of the program

Considering the social factors that shape access to opportunities brings up notions of spatial justice and the idea that rights and opportunities are not evenly distributed. Spatial justice would require space to be reorganized and reconceptualized “to promote equal access to opportunities, foster participation in decision-making, and encourage different ways of being in space” . …

The average grain Zn concentration of potting mix-grown control plants was similar to that of field-grown wheat

In Fe- and Zn-withholding treatments, root mineral content and concentration decreased substantially in both lines. Roots of all lines and treatments continued to grow during grain fill, and were larger at grain maturity than at anthesis, making calculation of remobilization by subtraction impractical. Despite the lack of significant net Fe and Zn remobilization from the total …

Dry weight data were analyzed in R using ANOVA and linear mixed-effect modeling

The grid was placed into a tank just large enough to hold the grid, and 20 L of hydroponic solution was used per tank. Genotypes were randomly assigned to positions in each cone-tainer grid using the sample and matrix functions in R . Aeration was supplied to each tank with an aquarium pump and two …

There were four replicate hydroponic containers for each of the six treatments

For old wood, the new polish slightly reduces the emission factor while for new wood the polish increases the emission factor slightly but the difference is likely more a function of the age of the wood than the polish. For example, given the old wood where the emissions are already low, adding the new polish …

Root exudates alter pH and the chemical composition around roots

However, there was a significant difference in the glycosyltransferase activity in radish seedlings treated with diazepam for 7 d and 28 d, although a distinct pattern in the changes of the enzyme activity was absent . For the 7 d cultivation experiment, a significant decrease in glycosyltransferase activity was observed in the shoots of radish …

The mineralization of PPCP/EDCs was previously examined only in a few studies

Topp and Starratt showed that about 10% of 14C-NP was extractable at 40 d, which was in general agreement with the current study . The formation of bound residue is considered a decontamination process, as the chemical has become an integral part of the soil matrix. In this study, bound residue was quantified by combustion of extracted …

Potential detoxification mechanisms have been less reported

Cucumber plants are generally more sensitive to contaminants and their bio-accumulation is higher than many other plants due to their high transpiration rate. Our previous study showed both CeO2 and ZnO NPs triggered more physiological changes in cucumber plants compared to corn plants, which have lower transpiration rates.Here we hypothesized that nano-Cu would induce physiological …