The mysterious decline of Chinese rice provides the possibility for the rise of American Wheat

Our results suggest that the yield effects of crop rotational histories in cotton are relatively modest in magnitude: the posterior means for effects of any specific crop were mostly under 15%. However, given the tight profit margins of commercial agriculture, a 15% change in yield could translate into a far greater percentage change in profit, …

Studies have shown that people consume less water at higher prices

The Southern California Comprehensive Water Reclamation and Reuse Study , for example, provides a comprehensive assessment of existing reuse and reuse potential in Southern California.The following is a review of key moments in history that changed water policy, from passage of water rights legislation to the voter approval of the State Water Project . Although …

Higher real rates cause the demand for primary goods to fall

Accordingly, foreign monetary authorities will underestimate their own money demands, and their policy will turn out to be more restrictive than desired. Foreign monetary independence from U. S. policies is lost. A second possibility is that foreign authorities recognize unanticipated shifts in U. S. monetary policy quickly. They may act to maintain the value of …

This paper begins with a review of regional impacts of climate change to California agriculture

Prior to Smith and Mendelsohn , several notable studies examined the state of the knowledge of climate assessments at the US level . In particular, Lewandrowski and Schimmelpfennig integrate the knowledge from both programming and econometric studies of the agricultural sector. Other reviews have focused on the technical details of the different modeling approaches without discussing …

This may be due to the deviation of linearity of the %AB and F530 metric at high biomass

Sobal sensitivity analysis utilizing polynomial regression like- wise determined FBS, MgSO4, and L-Phenylalanine were the most explanatory components when taking component-component interactions into account. Focusing on optimizing only those components might bring further improvements, which is now feasible because fewer experiments were needed to arrive at this conclusion. Another issue was that the HND algorithm …

The most common formats for these tests are the ELISA and lateral flow assay

The most straightforward approach to vaccine development would be based on inactivated or attenuated strains of SARSCoV-2, but the production of sufficient material generally takes longer than is the case for subunit vaccines, high-level containment would be necessary to grow the virus before attenuation/inactivation, and the candidates would carry a risk of reacquired virulence . For subunit …

Panel data studies on farm profits are not able to capture adaptation even implicitly

The model even projects a reduction in annual groundwater pumping compared to the historical period until mid-century under some scenarios. Unfortunately, this positive effect of switching to drip irrigation is lost toward the end of the century as higher temperatures drive up crop water demands.One of the earliest econometric evaluations on the impacts of human-induced …

The lack of progress on agriculture was blocking any kind of trade agreement from being reached

After a series of political scandals, the LDP lost control of the upper house of the Diet, and with it, the desire for agricultural policy reform. In order to position itself for the 1990 elections, the LDP promised farmers that, “not one single grain of foreign rice would be permitted to enter the Japanese market” …

Preserving the CAP budget was the necessary price for direct payment equalization

Perhaps most importantly, the CAP was not a sticking point within Doha agricultural negotiations, as its payment system had been brought into compliance with WTO rules. In the 1992 reform, MacSharry was able to advocate for and achieve systemic CAP reform by connecting the reform to the GATT Uruguay Round negotiations. If the CAP was …

The amber box refers to all domestic subsidies that distort production and/or trade

In addition, the MidTerm Review became tasked with making the CAP financially viable in an enlarged Europe, particularly once it was accepted that the new member states simply could not be excluded from receiving CAP income payments. The MTR then, unlike Agenda 2000, would be undertaken in a context of disruptive politics, permitting both the proposal …