The severity of Bot. infection was calculated as the isolation frequency per site

Total canopy cover was thus the sum of percent GV and NGV, and dieback was calculated as the total percent NGV to reflect the severity of canopy-level symptoms across each site.Ten individuals within each of the 30 sites were randomly selected for sampling using the random points generator feature in ArcMap , for a total …

Linear regression of the time-aligned CH4 and C2H6 results in a molar enhancement ratio

Aerodyne Research, Inc. drove ground-based transects in a mobile laboratory equipped with highly precise Aerodyne tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometers measuring a variety of species . A LI-COR non-dispersive infrared instrument measured CO2 and H2O. Meteorological and positional data were collected at all tracer release sites and on the vehicle, using multiple AIRMAR 200WX WeatherStation® instruments and a Hemisphere V103 GPS Compass. To …

Many of these regulations focus on the use of food species as hosts

Accordingly, continuous harvesting and extraction can be carried out using appropriate equipment such as screw presses , whereas continuous filtration and chromatography can take advantage of the same equipment successfully used with microbial and mammalian cell cultures . Therefore, plant-based production platforms can benefit from the same >4-fold increase in space-time yield that can be achieved by continuous …

Each bird was presented with all three depths below the perch in a randomized order

The tables consisted of a piece of plexiglass atop a wooden frame, covered by a white tarp canopy which was open at the two narrow ends of the table. The canopy enclosed the table so there were only two open ends as well as prevented glare on the glass from the overhead lights. Half of …

Consumers used to associate organic agriculture with small farms and diverse crop production

The pesticide products used in organic agriculture are generally less toxic, but their reduced efficacy could drive higher application rates, which makes the overall environmental impact of organic agriculture less obvious. In fact, certain pesticides used in organic agriculture have been found to be more toxic than conventional pesticides targeting the same pest . In …