Our central claim is that the causal status effect derives from the supporting role that causal information plays in explanation. Although this idea is a long-standing theme in the study of categorization , relatively little research has directly examined how explanatory goodness relates to categorization. In this paper, we study the relationship between explanatory goodness …
Author Archives: nature2022
The method effectively converts the correlation matrix to its rankordered version
What are the axes of this olfactory space? Or, in other words, do odors associated with certain parts of this space have different perceptual or physicochemical properties? Previous studies found axes that correlated with perceptual odor pleasantnes and physicochemical properties such as molecular boiling point and acidity . We checked for associations with all of these …
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Most schools either absorbed or could not quantify their nonfood expenses
Lack of nutrition education for students was the third most commonly cited barrier to successfully providing additional servings of fresh fruit. Although it was intended that the program include a nutrition education component, schools were provided with only 1 cent per meal served for all nonfood expenses related to the program, including nutrition education and promotion. …
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Beans are a food that provide both dietary fiber and possess high antioxidant capacity
Viable and non-viable seeds in yellow starthistle seed heads are easily distinguishable based on color and shape. Because yellow starthistle requires pollination to produce viable seeds , non-viable seeds represent pollen limitation occurring during the 4-hour period that the flowers were exposed to pollinators. All seeds were counted to compare ratios of viable to non-viable …
The control bioswale contained native soil and the treatment contained an ESM
At the time of this study, the trees in the control and treatment bioswales were fully established and approaching mature size. Measurements recorded the differences in surface runoff dynamics and pollutant reduction rates, as well as tree and shrub growth. This study provides new information on the long-term effectiveness of engineered bioswales in a region …
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The homogenates were then centrifuged and the supernatants were collected
As we collect soil metagenome sequence data, we need to improve how we mine such datasets. For example, the way we conduct BLAST searches might overlook valuable information, while the unassembled reads might be too short for annotating genes with confidence. Thus, we might well need to develop new assembly and annotation algorithms. Another challenge …
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Recent trends also correspond to increasing agricultural land use over time
Long-term climatic cycles, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation events, could also play a role, particularly in rainfed systems that we may expect to exhibit stronger variability than their irrigated counterparts. ENSO phases have been shown to induce synchrony in masting systems, but knowledge of ENSO effects on crop plants is largely limited to annual crops. …
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Here we explain the general larval bio-assay protocol used throughout the paper
The walnut industry submitted its research results for a heart health claim to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration , and the almond industry submitted its as part of a petition filed by the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation to the FDA for a heart health claim for nuts. The FDA approved a …
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A flower was considered successfully pollinated if a pollen tube reached the base of the style
Four of the orchards contained wild bees such as Bombus vosnesenskii Rad. and Bombus melanopygus Nyl., and the fifth contained the managed native blue orchard bee O. lignaria.In 2009, we categorized 14 almond orchards either as having non-Apis bees or lacking non-Apis bees , based on standard observations of flower visitors . In each orchard, we …
Each of the PCs were vectors of metabolite contributions
These tandem duplicates may have evolved new functions , possibly involved in the biosynthesis of novel compounds, and/or were selected to improve the metabolic flux of specific bio-synthetic steps that alter the dosage of certain endpoint metabolites. Future studies are needed to further investigate the possible role of tandem duplications in having modified metabolite levels …
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