Arabidopsis is known to synthesize four GDP-linked sugars: GDP-L-fucose, GDP-L-galactose, GDP-D-glucose and GDP-D-mannose. GDP-mannose for the glycosylation of glycosylinositolphosphorylceramides is transported into the Golgi by GONST1 , whereas GDP-fucose is transported by GONST4, which has been renamed GDPfucose transporter1 . No Golgi-localized GDP-L-galactose transporters have been identified to date. GDP-L-galactose is synthesized from GDP-mannose in the cytosol …
Author Archives: nature2022
Piping is a consequence of differential head and differential pore pressure
Ideally, the internal levee should maintain a factor of safety of above 1.4, and as such, the maximum back flooding of the system will be will be MSL + 6 ft. Table 3 shows that for different river water levels increasing the back flood water levels results in a increase in the the factor of …
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Wheat straw and sweet potato stalk were cut into about half to one inch pieces using a blender
However, only photosynthesis rates during leaf senescence of plant pre-cultured at low N supply reflected leaf senescence score during reproductive growth and N efficiency in the field experiments. Therefore, cultivar differences in leaf senescence during reproductive growth can only partly be reproduced in a short-term nutrient-solution experiment. Several differences between vegetative and reproductive growth might influence the …
The lability of the sulfation modification has proven problematic for other MS/MS methods
This centrality-driven division between frontal and temporal semantic processing regions can be seen in the BOLD signal, with left IFG and left anterior MTG initially responding generally to the switch from non-word to word stimulus, before demonstrating clear correlation with central and peripheral HRF prediction peaks, respectively . While both temporal and frontal regions are …
Plant activators are chemicals that have no direct antimicrobial activity but induce disease resistance
Plants with compromised SA synthesis or signaling have greatly diminished defenses against pathogens, as is the case with SA-defificient transgenic plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase or ICS mutants like sid2 , and mutants in downstream targets of SA such as npr1 . SAR induction by biotic agents coincides with increases in SA levels and a …
This disturbs the Ca2þ flux in the plant cell, thereby resulting in ROS formation
We discuss nine in vivo studies that have used proteomics to explore the alterations in plants at the protein level, in response to metal-based NPs, including nAg, nCeO2, nAl, nAl2O3, nFe, nZnO and CdS QDs . Impact of bare or surface-functionalized nAg on plant proteomes have been studied in several plants, including arugula, wheat, rice, …
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The linear approximation strategy is not without limitations
In a stylized story of green revolutions, improvements in agricultural technology are achieved through the introduction of improved land management techniques or improved inputs, including germplasm and fertilizer, all of which boost yields and labor productivity . If food is relatively non-tradable beyond local markets, then increased staple food production leads to reduced food prices, …
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African-American groups have sought to reclaim and remold their rich heritage through urban farming
We refer to a farming system as “diversified” when it intentionally includes functional biodiversity at multiple spatial and/or temporal scales, through practices developed via traditional and/or agroecological scientific knowledge. Farmers manage this functional biodiversity to generate critical ecosystem services to agriculture . At the plot scale, diversified farming systems may include multiple genetic varieties of a given …
Five research groups have succeeded in coupling aggregate crop into climate models
Coupling with landscape microclimate models provides not only the vertical inputs used by agricultural models, but also gradients along the landscape. Coupling with hydrological models provides water flow paths such as surface runoff, vertical and lateral groundwater flow, and interactions between shallow soil and groundwater zones and with adjacent surface water bodies . Water quality models …
Digital agriculture’s strategy of overcoming hunger by increasing yield thereby may even exacerbate it
A variety of labels have been used for this emergent industry: precision agriculture, e-agriculture, smart agriculture, and digital agriculture, among others. Despite early critical use of precision agriculture, the term tends to be used in the industry to signify a specific suite of production-oriented technologies.However, information technologies are also used to open new markets and new territories …