Race and ethnicity issues are rarely mentioned in sustainability discourse

Answering these types of questions will help us clarify the root causes of sustainability problems in agriculture.The general vision of scientists and activists for sustainable agriculture is one which reduces environmental degradation, preserves or restores the family farm, and removes contaminants from human consumption. For example, the goals of the California- based Committee for Sustainable …

The values presented in this study represent values in irrigation and food production

From this perspective, economists often propose that farmers should pay for the real value of the water they use for irrigation. Because of the presence of subsidies, the real value of water in agriculture is different from the price paid by farmers.It is also different from the cost of delivery, which does not account for …

The history of American agricultural extension dates back more than 100 years

If households are homogeneous in the sense that they engage in a similar income generation and face a similar economic problem, the estimated production function provides quantitative insights on the effects of the mortality on income generation and the decomposition of the effects into productivity and each productive asset. Since productivity includes all heterogeneities among households except those …

Several studies were conducted on watermelon farming at home and abroad

The results from our IV estimations indicate that both shock types significantly and positively impact pesticide use.Notably, farmers who experience shocks are more likely to use up to 30% more pesticides than non-shock households.Furthermore, pests and diseases also have a significant and positive impact on fertilizer use with the same magnitude.In other words, these types of …

Smart farming also has the potential to reduce the risk of crop loss and failure due to climate change

Managing water quality in river and ground water ecosystems is another shared challenge for sustainable agriculture in both the U.S.and South Korea.Water quality is intrinsically tied to water storage levels, stream flow and climate change.When estimating future life-cycle eutrophication, Lee et al.found that eutrophication in the Midwest U.S.stays relatively steady when using the Representative Concentration Pathways …

Agricultural ES and EDS related to arthropods mainly concerned regulating services

Arthropod functions and processes in SHF agrosystems were mostly related to pests, either their damage or their control.For instance, articles reported arthropod-related damages concerning herbivory on plants and consumption of stored grains , while potential of pest control by natural enemies was studied through parasitism and predation processes.Besides, pollination and hive-related products represented 15.35% and 6.14% of …

A key aspect of the philosophy of regenerative farming is that it actively considers human well-being

The patterns of adaptive capacity, however, are biased because its factors of farming economic status and innovative capitals are both affected once metropolitan counties are removed.Overall, after excluding metropolitan areas, vulnerability remains the same with notably high rates in the northwest and southern margins of Iowa, and lower rates in northeast Iowa and central Iowa …

The Mthatha River provides drinking and irrigation water to the residents in the catchment area

Alternatively, information providers can strategize with farmers on how to deal with inevitable trade-offs.Additionally, information providers that find it challenging to generate feedback from farmers based on their mode of WIS delivery may consider using a selection strategy that enables different categories of farmers to be selected across the district to give their opinion about …

The first work to do is to slash the weeds and grasses on the land to be farmed

To plant at the end of August after the land is burned in dry season and welcoming the rainy season in the early of September.By the time, the soil becomes fertile since the rainwater falls soaking dust and charcoal of the land.The age of rice ranges from six to seven months, so the age of …

Ultrathin sections of the hepatopancreas from diseased shrimp were analyzed using TEM

The samples of the cephalothoraxes and muscle segment were fixed with 4 % PFA for 24 h at 4 ◦C and then transferred to a graded ethanol series for dehydration, followed by treatment with 100 % xylene and infiltrating in paraffin.The sections were obtained and stained with conventional H&E staining according to the previous procedures.Subsequently, the …