A total of 3801 differentially expressed genes among all treatments were identified 

To evaluate the effect of GA, CPPU, and GA + CPPU treatment at berry set on the volatiles composition, berries of ‘Sable’ were sampled 51 and 70 d after the treatments. GC-MS analysis allowed identification of 58 and 67 volatile compounds with quantitative data calculated relative to the internal standard . Analysis of the differences in volatile content …

Light and carbon availability follows a diurnal cycle creating different signaling inputs

Under sustained low-temperature stress, tissue acclimation fails, leading to exhaustion and the onset of severe PCI. Preharvest factors, including genotype, environmental variables, and agronomic practices, all interact to influence PCI severity. PCI is more severe in tissues harvested before reaching horticultural maturity , as the developmental pathways are incomplete and will be largely disrupted by …

Plant growth is heavily dependent on the continuous function of the SAM

Disregarding a poorly conserved insertion in CRM1 , all three modules are almost exactly the same size at 85-90bp long, further supporting the existence of a higher-order structure. Although the identity of this structure cannot be determined from the present data, its functional significance appears to be reflected in CRM1, where the ATG repeats/TGAT cores …

Others like FZL and ELIP2 are known to be involved with chloroplast development

In order to avoid this issue, the present study examined the effects of fruit load in A. thaliana. Although an annual species, this plant produces many more fruits than alternate bearing trees, and has the potential to exacerbate the fruit load experienced by the inflorescence meristem. To identify how the fruit load changes expression patterns, …

Each well carries out an independent PCR reaction simultaneously

Injections of antibiotics have been the primary focus and several issues have hampered commercial development: cost of treatment, damage inflicted on the tree as a result of multiple injections, phytotoxicity of antibiotic treatment, and concerns over bactericide residue in the fruit. Cost can be high because of the labor intensive process of injecting each tree and/or the cost of …

Real promotion expenditures represent the key variable of interest in all 4 models

To test the robustness of our findings, we perform several checks. First, we test the sensitivity of the baseline results to various assumptions about the seasonality parameters. We use only data for one year before the recall instead of using, as above, all previous years . This yields very similar drops in purchases as when we …

Routine inspection and cleaning of the area in front of a filter sock is important

When the pores become clogged with particulates, the pressure required to force the water through the substrate increases, therefore treated water volume is reduced unless pressure is increased. These systems must be back-flushed to remove collected particulates and maintain the effectiveness of the filter . Smaller particle size filter media clog more easily and require more …

Import liberalization has been a theme stressed in many of the above mentioned papers

The 2020 yield data confirmed our assumption, as the harvested olives per row were similar within each block . This suggested that ReTain™ did have an effect on olive yield. However, this effect may have been masked by heavy rain and cold temperatures in May 2019. During the “off” year of 2020, ReTain™ seemed to …

A key resource to secure in this process is nitrogen, a raw material needed to produce proteins

Glutamate synthase plays a vital role in nitrogen metabolism, and its ortholog in the ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae MoGLT1 is required for conidiation and complete virulence on rice. GMC oxidoreductase exhibits important auxiliary activity 3 according to the Carbohydrate-Active enzymes database and is required for the induction of asexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. An extensive approach was used for …

Biological regulation was over represented among down regulated GO terms

Nitrate at this depth is neither available for trees, since the majority of active fibrous roots of orange trees are in the top 15–30 cm depth , nor can it be easily transformed because of the limited microbial population and available carbon at this depth . This can potentially lead to eventual leaching losses to …