Aluminum sulfate  was used as a precursor of aluminum hydroxide formation in-situ

The USEPA has identified the excess release of nutrients as one of the top 5 causes of water quality “impairment” of rivers and streams in the U.S. along with pathogens, habitat alteration, organic enrichment, and unknown-impaired biota. Phosphorus enters natural waters as a result of point source and non-point source pollution. Point sources are primarily …

Bamboo-tree gardens are the least managed type of agricultural land in this landscape

However, interviews with some key informants suggested that the owners in Sukapura associated the economic benefits of bamboo-tree gardens with the land itself rather than the products of the bamboo-tree garden. They also stated, prior to the 1970s, when inputs for agricultural production were not as intensive as they are now and the land-use was …

Several additional studies have assessed the effects of the subsidypolicies at the organization level

The government offers subsidies to encourage farmers to adopt PV systems, while farmers determine the optimal PV system type and capacity, as well as the crops to grow throughout the planning horizon. Nevertheless, whether farmers invest in solar energy systems depends on both electricity demand from the optimal crop outputs and the economic profitability of …

There was no significant effect of the studied factors on the quality parameters analysed on the fruit

Early strawberry production in commercial NGS hydroponic multilayer troughs showed a correct performance under a continuous irrigation regime, despite the fact that they are designed to work with irrigation pulses, and not for a continuous flow of water. The earliness of the productions was evaluated by studying the evolution of parameters such as the number …

It is well-known that periods of bad air and heavy smog happen from time to time in megacities

They see and are aware of these shortcomings, and they try to explore the technique of structural equivalence in social networks as a means to combine geographic information in social network analysis, social theory integrates geography and spatial analysis techniques. In particular, they discuss how an actor’s position in geographical space can be analyzed simultaneously …

Genotypes were identified through allozyme analysis and a subset were selected for experimentation

Algal blooms often release toxins into the water column which may cause irritation of the skin and eyes, respiratory problems and even paralyze or kill fish and deplete oxygen levels. In the current study we created small patches of partially restored native plant communities along several small tributaries in the lower St. Johns River basin …

Soaking improves seed performance and provides faster and synchronized germination

Although the Brazilian flora is well represented, a large part of the collection constitutes non-native species. For example, the collection includes some exotic species of Myrtaceae, a botanical family that characteristically accumulates volatile compounds in the leaves. The goal of the present study was to assess the composition of leaf essential oil of three exotic …

The low soil pH upstream might be due to the presence of slightly higher organic carbon content in the soil

The higher organic matter content upstream may be attributed to a higher accumulation of organic matter due to high inputs from root biomass . Variability in total nitrogen is linked to difference in soil organic matter content, intensities in cultivation and erosion, application of manures, pesticides and fertilizers rich in nitrogen content in the soils …

Water is considered as one of the natural elements that has an immutable nature

Geometry of Persian gardens is not only owing to the irrigation and agriculture principles, but also it is formed due to the beliefs, meaning, symbols, myths and the elements that form the Persian garden’s identity. The early geometric form of the garden might be dictated by the practicalities of the irrigational system.Water links the earth …

Better propagation techniques have led to more bamboo agroforestry practices

The good news, however, is that the efforts of these different sectors are likely to be complementary, with huge potential to support each other. PlantSearch data on botanic garden/arboretum accessions has already been used to contribute to Crop Conservation Strategies for coffee and apples, and Hawai’i’s National Tropical Botanical Garden hosts the Breadfruit Institute, whose collections …