We next examined whether the inference condition yielded any kind of attention optimization

Across two training phases participants learned about categories A, B, C, and D in Table 1 via inference or classification. Eye tracking was used throughout to monitor participants’ attention to the three feature dimensions and the category label. A test phase examined classification performance and attention profiles as people made novel category contrasts. From prior …

This indicates substantial treatment longevity with fertigation of a drip-irrigated vineyard

The soil was formed in place from the weathering of softly to moderately consolidated granitic sediments. The particle size distribution of the surface soil is 63% sand, 25% silt and 12% clay. At the onset of the experiment, boron tissue levels were in the adequate range, 40 ppm. In both experiments, drip irrigations during the …

No significant differences are seen between the two strains of each species

The Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance, a non-parametric equivalent of ANOVA, was used to compare groups across species. When significant, this test was followed by pairwise Mann–Whitney U-tests, and the p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni technique. In this and subsequent analyses, the Bonferroni adjustment multiplies the p-values we obtained by the number …

Redglobe berries were obtained from a commercial vineyard in Delano

The sensitivity of B. cinerea conidia to SO2 increases two- to fourfold for every 10°C increment between 0 and 32°C, because of the effect of temperature on SO2 absorption on the fruit, fungi and surrounding packaging . SO2 has mainly been used to control gray mold disease of table grapes, but the low application rates applied …

The berries were crushed by hand and filtered to obtain must

Conversely, in under cropping, where there is excessive vigor or reduced crop level, this is not necessarily deleterious for speed of ripening . However, it may be a wasteful management of resources if there is not a trade-off with farm-gate prices. Given the later fruit development of grapevine and the grape chemistry requirements for red …

SA level and pathogenesis-related gene expression increase for systemic acquired resistance

All of the leafroll viruses selected for this study belong to the Closteroviridae family and all but one belong to the Ampelovirus genus; GLRaV-2 belongs to the genus Closterovirus. All of the GLRaVs used in this study contain a conserved replication gene block but are diverse outside of the RGB . In addition to host genotype and environment, …

Cooling is by far the best technology for increasing the shelf-life of horticultural produce

Grafting can increase overall plant vigor and yield in the absence of disease or other stress, but studies in California focusing on grafting for increasing yield have found both increases and occasional decreases in yield when grafted to fresh market tomatoes . Therefore, absent developments that reduce the costs of these inputs, grafting is currently …

The primocane stage is critical for healthy establishment of the raspberry crop

Karp et al. estimated 4–12 birds/ha of species that are confirmed or suspected CBB predators. Flocks of migratory birds on coffee farms are estimated at 19/ha and 24/ha , but these values are also short of our estimates of necessary densities for suppressing larger CBB outbreaks. One caveat to our conclusions is that our calculations were based …

We observed A. sericeasur utilizing vegetation connections on every vegetation treatment plant

The power system of our current device, i.e., outlet, is not ideal for most standard incubators, because it requires cords coming out of the incubator and causes a concern on maintaining the environmental parameters inside an incubator. To address these issues, the loading device could have its own built-in source of power such as a …

Phenolics were extracted from fresh and dried flowers that were either whole or homogenized

Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside was the next most concentrated anthocyanin, averaging 20.11 ± 5.63 mg per 100 g FW in 2018 and 19.80 ± 6.92 mg per 100 g FW in 2019. This is unlike European elderberries, in which cyanidin-3-glucoside is typically the second most prominent anthocyanin, except for the Ljubostinja cultivar which has more cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside than cyanidin-glucoside42. …