Analyses were repeated with creatinine-adjusted values to confirm our bivariate results

We then used this model as the foundation for simulation experiments which compare the effects of alternative scenarios regarding agricultural trade and support policies, both before and after accession to the European Union. The purpose of these experiments was to analyze the interactions between the accession “contract,” transition policies, sectoral perfonnance, and the pace of …

One of the costlier forms of somatic investment in adulthood is immune function

Natural and controlled experiments provide evidence in favor of testosterone-mediated male survival, with castrated males living longer than intact males across many species including humans .Immune activation increases resting metabolism in humans and other species by 8%–56%, and can incur caloric costs of up to 2,000 kJ/day21 . The Immuno competence Handicap Hypothesis rose out of classical …