Inferring the history of mulberry and recombinant-type isolates

The possible benefits remain largely speculative, since adaptive consequences of recombination between close relatives are difficult to detect. Adaptive shifts may be important in maintenance of transformation , and there is some evidence that homologous recombination may be important in promoting a number of adaptive responses. These include maintaining variability of surface proteins in animal …

One planter box is a treasure trove of ozette potatoes that children unearth every so often

Despite this more conserved estimate of genera, the floral resources used in New Hampshire are still rich compared to those utilized in Georgia. We also found that foraging females in Missouri foraged from more plants to form a single pollen provision mass than those in Georgia . This suggests that suitable floral resources at the …

The origin and persistence of species is fundamental to the evolution of biological diversity

Because the response of bee visitors to land use change depends on species specific requirements and these pollinators also have variable effects on plants, understanding the effect of land use change on pollination services requires knowledge not only of which pollinator groups shift to the human-altered landscapes, but also the rate of pollination that those groups …

The visitation rate of Apis on female flowers increased with increasing plant soil moisture

We used simple linear regressions to determine how soil moisture affected total pollen deposition, total pigment deposition, pollen deposition per open male flower, and pigment deposition per open male flower on bee-pollinated stigmas. Pollen deposition per open male flower was right-skewed and thus inverse transformed to improve normality. Pigment deposition and pigment deposition per open …

The nectarine is genetically identical to the peach but with a recessive gene for pubescence

Such practices might include the use of noncrop vegetation, such as insectary plantings, which might provide natural enemies with a secondary aphid species as a food source before cabbage aphids are established in a broccoli field. Alternately, the pollen and nectar resources provided by such micro-habitats might also attract beneficial insects before a crop has …

Diet is the main risk factor that contributes to obesity

If more and more meat eaters are entering the market as it matures, then PBM is reaching those who are more likely to replace meat in their diet. Seeing evidence of PBM going mainstream the meat eaters would be encouraging for future growth. In order to test how the market of first time buyers is …

Partnerships with local industry groups to deliver program information contributed to the educational efforts

For each generation, a 3-week treatment window minimized application costs by combining the insecticide with preventative treatments for powdery mildew. This information was widely disseminated via conference calls with government agencies, a UC electronic newsletter, industry associations’ e-news blasts, and grower liaisons in Napa, Sonoma, Fresno and Mendocino counties. An analysis of the PUR datafrom …

The skin includes the outer epidermis and inner hypodermis

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc are characterized by specific volatile thiols and methoxypyrazines. Enzymes involved in the production of these aromas have been recently characterized. Phenolic compounds play a central role in the physical mouthfeel properties of red wine; recent work relates quality with tannin levels. While the grape genotype has a tremendous …

The medium hairy leg bee morphotype was not significantly associated with any of the land use types

Shannon diversity and evenness were fit with Gaussian distributions while all other variables were fit with Poisson distributions. In comparing the ratios of viable seeds to total seeds vs. the ratio of viable seeds to counted stigmas, we found that there was a strong correlation between these metrics. To look at the effect of land …

Providing hummingbird feeders is an easy technique to lure hummingbirds to your garden

Diversify garden plantings Different types of pollinators have preferences for the plant type or flower structure that they visit to collect nectar or pollen resources. For example, hummingbirds have long beaks and tongues that can access nectar that other pollinators cannot. Additionally, other pollinators such as bats and moths visit flowers that are primarily open …