Beyond Soil: Exploring the Wonders of Hydroponic Agriculture

Five replicate columns were prepared and analyzed for each treatment. Metal concentrations for all three ENMs are reported as ionic, although neither CeO2 nor TiO2 were expected to dissolve to a significant degree under the conditions used in this experiment. TiO2 is known to be highly insoluble in water and CeO2 is similarly insoluble at …